Mount Dena is the highest peak of the southern Zagros Mountains at 4,409 metres. It forms part of the Dena Protected Area in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province and is a critical watershed for rivers flowing toward Khuzestan.

Mount Dena and the surrounding Zagros highland have been inhabited by pastoral and semi-nomadic Bakhtiari and Lur tribes for centuries, who used the high summer pastures of the Dena massif as seasonal grazing grounds during the annual migration between lowland winter quarters and highland summer pastures. The mountain’s forests and springs sustained these migrations for generations. The Bakhtiari tribal confederation that controlled this region played a significant role in Iranian politics in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi periods, including participating in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-11.

Mount Dena at 4,409 metres is the highest peak of the southern Zagros range. The Dena Protected Area surrounding it is one of Iran’s most important wildlife reserves, sheltering Persian leopard, brown bear, wild goat, and urial sheep. The mountain forms a critical watershed: rivers flowing from its western slopes drain toward Khuzestan and the Persian Gulf, while eastern streams feed the plateau’s endorheic basins. Oak forests on the lower slopes are threatened by charcoal production and overgrazing.